Organization definition

Organization (Greek: ὄργανον, Organon - tool) is a group of people in a container for a common cause.

In the social sciences, organizations studied by researchers from various disciplines, especially sociology, economics, political science, psychology, and management. The study of the organization is often called the study of organizations (organizational studies), organizational behavior (organizational behavior), or analysis of the organization (organization analysis).

There are several theories and perspectives on the organization, there is a match with one another, and some are different.  organization is basically used as a place or a place where people come together, work together in a rational and systematic, planned, organized, guided and control, use of resources (money, materials, machines, methods, environment), means-parasarana, data, etc. are used efficiently and effectively to achieve organizational goals. According to experts there is some understanding of the organization as follows.

    Stoner said that the organization is a pattern of relationships through which people under the direction of superiors to pursue common goals
    James D. Mooney noted that the organization is a form of every human association for a common goal
    Chester I. Bernard found that the organization is a system of cooperation activities carried out by two or more persons
    Stephen P. Robbins stated that the organization is unity (entity) consciously coordinated social, with a relatively identifiable boundary, working on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or group of goals.
An organization can be formed because it is influenced by several aspects such as the unification of the vision, mission, and goals are the same as the embodiment of the existence of a group of people to the community.  well-regarded organization is the organization that can be recognized by the local community, because it provides such contributions; decision human resources in the community as members thus reduce unemployment People who are in an organization has an ongoing relationship.  A sense of connectedness, it does not mean a lifetime membership.  However, on the contrary, organizations face constant change in their membership, even though at the time they become a member, the people in the organization to participate in relative basis.

In organizing individuals can interact with all structures associated either directly or indirectly to the organizations they choose. In order to interact effectively each individual can participate in the organization. By participating individuals can know what things should be done.

Basically participation is defined as involvement of mental or thoughts and emotions or feelings in a situation that led the group to contribute to the group in an attempt to achieve a goal.

Active involvement in participation, not only mean mere physical involvement. Participation can be defined as mental involvement, thoughts, and emotions or feelings in a group setting are encouraged to contribute to the group in order to achieve goals and take responsibility for the business in question.

The elements
Keith Davis Menuruth there are three important elements of participation:

    The first element, that participation or participation is really a mental engagement and feelings, rather than solely or merely bodily involvement.
    The second element is the willingness to give something to contribute to the attainment of group goals. This means, that there is a sense of fun, volunteerism to help the group.
    The third element is the element of responsibility. The element is a salient feature of the sense of being a member. It is recognized as members means there is a sense of "sense of belongingness".
Types
Keith Davis also noted the types of participation, as follows:

    Mind (psychological participation)
    Power (physical partisipation)
    Thought and effort
    Expertise
    Goods
    Money
Conditions
For a participation in the organization to be effective, requires absolute requirements ie.

    Time. In order to participate can take time. Time is meant here is in understanding the message delivered by the leader. The message contains information about what and how and why it takes a role as well.
    Where participation in these activities is necessary stimulus funds, should be limited as necessary so as not to give the impression of "spoiling", which will have a negative effect.
    Subject participation should be relevant to or associated with the organization in which the individual concerned or some thing that was incorporated into perhatiannnya.
    Participation must have the ability to participate, in the sense of the word in question has a wide scope of thought and experience with the communicator, and kalupun not exist, then the elements raised by the communicator.
    Participation must have the ability to conduct mutual communication, for example, use the same language or equally understood, so as to create an effective exchange of ideas or work.
    The parties concerned implement dlam free participation in accordance with the requirements specified.
    When participation was held to determine the activity should be based on the freedom of the group, do not mean coercion or pressure that may cause tension or disturbance in the mind or soul of the parties concerned. It is based on the prisnsip that participation is persuasive.
Participation in the organization's emphasis on the division of powers or duties in carrying out its activities with the aim of improving the assigned tasks effectively in a structured and clear. Organizational forms

    Political Organization
    Social organization
    Student organizations
    Sports organizations
    School organization
    State organization 

Government definition

Government is the organization that has the power to make and implement laws and regulations in certain regions. There are several definitions of the system of government. Similarly, there are many different types of government in the world.

Various government

     republic
     monarchy
         Constitutional monarchy
         Absolute monarchy
     commonwealth

The system of government by experts

According to the teachings of Plato system is divided into five Aristocracy, timocracy, Oligarchy, Democracy and Tyranny.

According to the teachings of Aristotle that the system is divided into six
System Good Poor
held by one person Monarchy Tyranny
held several Aristocracy Oligarchy
held all the Democratic Anarchy

According to the teachings Polybios system that is divided into six
System Good Poor
held by one person Monarchy Tyranny
held several Aristocracy Oligarchy
Democracy held everyone Okhlokrasi

Definition of Areas

The area is a controlled area or a territory of a sovereign. In the past, it is often an area surrounded by the boundaries of the physical nature, such as rivers, mountains, or the sea. Meanwhile, after a period of colonialism, the boundaries were made by countries occupying the area, and later with the nation state, a term more commonly used is the national borders.

Definition of State

The state is a region on the surface of the earth whose power politics, military, economic, social and cultural set by governments in the region. The state also is an area that has a system or rules that apply to all individuals in the region, and stand independently.

Primary requirement is to have a country of the people, have the area, and had a sovereign government. While the secondary requirement was to receive recognition from other countries.

The state is organizing the have people in a region, the number of people who accept the existence of this organization. Another requirement is the existence of the state of a particular region where the country was. Another thing is what is referred to as sovereignty, namely that the state recognized by citizens as the highest authority over them in areas where the country was.

The existence of the state, such as the organization in general, is to facilitate members (people) to achieve common goals or ideals. Common desire is formulated in a document called the Constitution, including the values ​​upheld by the people as a member state. As a document that outlines our goals, intentions establishment of the state Constitution is the highest legal document of a country. Therefore he also regulate how the state is managed. Indonesia's constitution called the Constitution.

In the modern form of the state is closely related to people's desire to prosper together with democratic ways. The most concrete forms of state meeting with people is a public service, the services provided to the people of the state. Especially true is how the state provides services to the people as a whole, the most basic functions of the service is the provision of security. State security service function for all the people if all people felt that there was no threat to his life. In its development, many countries have different clad services for its citizens.

Decisions must be made ​​to bind all citizens, or the Law, which is a translation for the things that are not clear in the Constitution as well as to adapt to the times or the wishes of the people, all of the policies listed in the Act. Decision-making in the process of formation of the Act must be conducted in a democratic manner, which respects the right of each person to be involved in making decisions that will bind them. As well as the regular organization, there will be people who take care of the interests of the people. In a modern state, the people who take care of the lives of many people's democratically elected anyway.

Understanding the State according to the experts : 

Jellinek kalengGeorg letter

     The state is the organization of the power of a group of people who had been residents of a particular area.
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

     The state is a moral organization that emerged as a synthesis of individual freedom and universal freedom
Max Weber

     The state is a society that has a monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force within a region.
Rifhi Siddiq

     The state is a sovereign entity that has the ability to coerce, monopolize, control of matters relating to the interests of the people who are in the territory.
Roelof Krannenburg

     The state is an organization that arises due to the will of a group or nation itself.
Prof. Farid S.

     A region is an independent country that recognized the sovereignty of other countries and has.
Roger H. Soltau

     The state is a tool or a governing authority or control issues with the name of society.
Prof. R. Djokosoetono

     The state is an organization man or set of men who are under a government of the same.
Prof. Mr. Soenarko

     State is an organization that has manyarakat certain areas, where the power of the state as a sovereignty fully valid.
Aristotle

     The state is the combination of several family includes several villages, and eventually can stand on its own completely, with the goal of mutual pleasure and honor.